MEDICAL

Indian Fashion Industry

In the 50s, 60s and 70s, the Indian fashion scenario wasn’t exactly colorless. It was exciting, stylish and very graceful. There were no designers, models, star or fashion design labels that the country could show off. The value of a garment was judged by its style and fabric and not by who made it.

It was regarded as ever so chic and fashionable to approach any unfamiliar tailor, who could make a garment for a few rupees, providing the perfect fit, finish and style. The high society lady, who wore it, was proud for getting a good bargain and for giving her name to the end result.

In 60s, tight ‘kurtas’, ‘churidars’ and high coiffures were a trend among ladies. It was an era full of naughtiness and celebration in arts and music and cinema, manifested by liberation from restriction and acceptance of new types of materials such as plastic film and coated polyester fabric.

The 70s witnessed an increase in the export of traditional materials outside the country as well as within. Hence, international fashion arrived in India much before the MTV culture with the bold colors, flower prints and bell-bottoms. Synthetics turned trendy and the disco culture affected the fashion scenario.

It was in the early 80s when the first fashion store ‘Ravissant’ opened in Mumbai. At that time garments were retailed for a four-figure price tag. The ’80s was the era of self consciousness and American designers like Calvin Klein became popular. In India too, silhouettes became more masculine and the ‘salwar kameez’ was designed with shoulder pads.

With the evolution of designer stores in Mumbai, the elegant fashion design culture was a trend among Indians along with their heavy price tags. No doubt that a garment with a heavy price tag was at the bottom stage of fashion. But clients immediately transformed into the high fashion fold where they were convinced that that the word ‘elegant fashion design culture’ means, it had to have a higher price tag.

Garments were sold at unbelievable prices only because the designers had decided to get themselves noticed by making showy outfits and getting associated with the right shows, celebrities and events.

Later, fashion shows shifted to competitive events each attempting to out-do the other in theme, guest list and media coverage. For any newcomer, the fashion business was the number one professional art that time.

In the 90′s, the last decade of the millennium, a move towards the drastic pairing down returned with ethnic wears (Today, ethnic wear market in India is accounted to Rs. 9000 crore). This led to the decline and the recession, the push to sell at any cost and keep staying in the limelight. With heavy cut throat competition and sound awareness of the client, the inevitable occurred. The price tags, which had once reached at a peak, began their downside journey.

At those times the downturn was not only being experienced in the price tags of the garments, but also in the business of fashion shows. More models, choreographers, make-up men, hairstylists and designers streamed down into their business.

The fun and party time in the Indian fashion scenario had not ended with this, but continued. It was a point, where it reached at a certain steady level and from there, in the beginning of the 21st centaury, with new designers and models and some sensible designing; the fashion hype accelerated its speed.

Indian fashion industry spreads its wings globally

For the global fashion industry, India is a very big exporter of fabrics and accessories. All over the world, Indian ethnic designs and materials are considered as a significant facet for the fashion houses and garment manufacturers. In fabrics, while sourcing for fashion wear, India also plays a vital role as one of the biggest players in the international fashion arena.
India’s strengths not only depend on its tradition, but also on its raw materials. World over, India is the third largest producer of cotton, the second largest producer of silk and the fifth largest producer of man-made fibres.

In the international market, the Indian garment and fabric industries have many fundamental aspects that are compliant, in terms of cost effectiveness to produce, raw material, quick adjustment for selling, and a wide ranges of preference in the designs in the garments like with sequin, beadwork, aari or chikkon embroidery etc, as well as cheaper skilled work force. India provides these fashion garments to the international fashion houses at competitive prices with shorter lead time and an effective monopoly in designs which covers elaborated hand embroidery – accepted world over.

India has always been considered as a default source in the embroidered garment segment, but the changes of rupee against dollar has further decreased the prices, thereby attracting buyers. So the international fashion houses walk away with customized stuff, and in the end crafted works are sold at very cheap rates.

As far as the market of fabrics is concerned, the ranges available in India can attract as well as confuse the buyer. A basic judgmental expectation in the choosing of fabrics is the present trend in the international market. Much of the production tasks take place in parts of the small town of Chapa in the Eastern state of Bihar, a name one would have never even heard of. Here fabric making is a family industry, the ranges and quality of raw silks churned out here belie the crude production methods and equipment used- tussars, matka silks, phaswas, you name it and they can design it. Surat in Gujarat, is the supplier of an amazing set of jacquards, moss crepes and georgette sheers – all fabrics utilized to make dazzling silhouettes demanded world over. Another Indian fabric design that has been specially designed for the fashion history is the “Madras check” originally utilized for the universal “Lungi” a simple lower body wrap worn in Southern India, this product has now traversed its way on to bandannas, blouses, home furnishings and almost any thing one can think of.

Recently many designers have started using traditional Indian fabrics, designs and cuts to enhance their fashion collections. Ethnic Indian designs with batik cravat, tie-and-dye or vegetable block print is ‘in’ not just in India but all across the world.

In India, folk embroidery is always associated with women. It is a way of their self expression, and they make designs that depict their native culture, their religion and their desires. Women embroider clothes for their personal use, and the people linked with the pastoral profession prepare embroidered animal decorations, decorative covers for horns and foreheads and the Rabaris of Kutch in Gujarat do some of the finest embroidery. Embroidered pieces are made during the festivals and marriages, which are appliqué work called ‘Dharaniya’. One of the significant styles of Saurashtra is ‘Heer’ embroidery, which has bold geometric designs, woven on silks. The Mutwa women of the Banni area of Kutch have a fascinating embroidery where they make fine embroidery works with designed motifs and mirrors in the size of pinheads, the Gracia jats use geometric designs on the yoke of long dresses. Moreover, the finest of quilts with appliqué work are also made in Kutch.

Garments embellishment with bead work is another area where it in demand in the international market. Beads are used to prepare garlands and other accessory items like belts and bags and these patterns now available for haute couture evening wear too.
According to a survey, in recent times Indian women have given up their traditional sari for western wears like t-shirts and shorts, as they feel more comfortable in skirts and trousers instead of saris and salwar kameez. It’s been noted that women spend just $165 million on trousers and skirts against 1.74 billion dollars spent by men on trousers. With more women coming out to work, the (combined) branded trouser and skirts market has been increasing at a whopping 27 per cent in sales terms. Women feel that Western clothing is more suitable, particularly when working or using public transportation. Many corporate offices are also in favor of their employees wearing Western wear.

In India, Western inspiration is increasing due to the influence of TV and films. Besides, shopping malls selling branded clothes have also mushroomed in India and are fascinating the youngsters. Recently, designer wear is being promoted through store chains such as Shopper’s Stop, Pantaloons, Westside, etc. Companies such as Raymond and TCNS have also set up their exclusive stores for designer wear such as Be: and W.
The market of India fashion industry

Recently, a report stated that the Indian fashion industry can increase from its net worth of Rs 200 crore to Rs 1,000 crore in the next five to ten years. Currently, the worldwide designer wear market is amounted at $35 billion, with a 9 per cent growth rate, with the Indian fashion industry creating hardly 0.1 per cent of the international industry’s net worth.

According to approximations, the total apparel market in India is calculated to be about Rs 20,000 crore. The branded apparel market’s size is nearly one fourth of this or Rs 5,000 crore. Designer wear, in turn, covers nearly about 0.2 per cent of the branded apparel market.

At present, the largest sales turnover within the designer wear segment is about Rs25 crore, with other well-known names having less turnovers of Rs10-15 crore. In view of the prospects of the Indian fashion industry for growth, the figures are not very hopeful.

The figure of fashion industry

o The organized market for designer apparel is about Rs 250 crore

o Designer wear calculates to less than 1 per cent of the apparel market

o The global market for designer wear is 5 per cent of total apparel market

o The global market for designer wear industry is largely dependent on the small-scale sector

o Consumers for designer wear have a yearly household income of Rs 10 lakh-plus. There are 3 lakh such households developing at 40-45 per cent

o Designer wear industry is projected to increase to Rs 1,000 crore by 2015.

o More than 81 per cent of the population below 45 years of the age is fashion conscious.

Many fashion designers and management experts foresee an average growth of about 10-12 per cent for the Indian fashion industry in the coming years. Though, the growth rate could be more than 15 per cent, if infrastructural and other logistical bottlenecks and drawbacks are over come.

India needs more effort to overcome

However, despite the benefits available in India there are also some disadvantages. India is not a remarkable player in the global market with reference to brands because of its inability to add value to products. This is observed by the fact that nearly 50 per cent of its exports are apparel and made-ups where value addition is essential. Likewise, 75 per cent of domestic apparel market is commoditized and unbranded and very few Indian brands do survive in the foreign markets. Evidently, the Indian market has not made a strong stand and hence it is difficult to make Indian brands that can compete with global brands in India.

Another reason for the fashion industry’s inadequate growth is the limited experience of the designers and the platform they are offered. The insignificance stalks from the reality that most of the young talent is hired by the bigger names to work in their studios, thus imprinting their work with the label of the big designers.
Though performing individual presentation is not an alternative choice for most of the young talent, because of the limitation of finance, a beginner designer’s name fails to come to the forefront.
Another thing, with regards to the ramp, is what the designers offer is barely appropriate to be worn ordinarily. You’ll see there’s dissimilarity between what is there on the ramp and what the Page Three crowd wears. Some believe at present the fashion is in, but the tendency hasn’t changed much as it is the old ones coming back. We have had short kurtas, long kurtas, flowing skirts, etc. coming back into fashion with only a new variety of designs.

Many management consultants and professionals believe that the Indian fashion industry will be boosted if the new comers are paid proper attention. What they require is more support so that their work gets due recognition. According to the consultants and professionals there should be a panel of people who choose designers for showcasing according to their work and not their name or who they’ve worked for earlier, and hence selection would be purely based on quality. Besides this, the panel of judges should comprise of people from the fashion schools rather than designers.
It has been observed that the media-hype around the big designers and blatant commercialism has hindered business in the Indian fashion industry. No clear cut picture is provided about the feasibility of the products. Basically it is only the famous names that are being talked of. What they offer is not quite daily-wear. The entire focal point of the industry is on commercialism. The discussion is only regarding how much is sold and for what price and nothing about the designs or styles.

Efforts to develop global fashion brands

It needs innovative designers, a seamless supply chain, control over retail and distribution and concentration of quality while dealing with some image. While a few have accomplished something in the west covering Tommy Hilfiger, Gucci, Zara, Armani, Versace, Ralph Lauren, etc, India has not been capable to track on.
A serious reason for India not being successful has been its isolation in the fashion system. Each stakeholder including designers, exporters, textile players and retail chains need to come together along with the government to make sure that the position of Indian fashion is strong in the coming years.

There are various agencies and industry associations that can support in brand-building practice. Many of these agencies require attractive resources and making a global image of Indian fashion rather than independently trying to promote particular brands or textile segments.

Efforts to create strong global image

Large textiles players require more and more to target on the market facing activities while developing an association with small medium enterprise (SME) clusters. Such kind of networks would be a benefit to that which can focus on demand making and branding as well as for clusters that can focus on quality production.

Efforts to create value networks

After the entry of large retail chains like Wal-Mart, Gap etc in India, Small scale manufacturers in India will find it very difficult to satisfy the demands of these international buyers if they continue to promote their products individually. Therefore, it is very important that value networks are created between large textile and apparel companies in India and small scale manufacturers, so that the marketing muscle of the leading players can be utilized for receiving large orders while the bigger players then assign the orders to the small-medium enterprises according to their past record of quality and service. For this to be put into practice, it will be vital to well-organize the information on small-medium enterprise clusters in a perfect manner so that supplier selection decisions are made according to the information in the long run, only the more efficient small-medium enterprise players survive and develop.
Efforts to concentrate on designers and designs

Designers have a fundamental role to play in the future of Indian fashion scenario. There should hence be an effective process for preparing these designers. This can be done by sponsoring exchange programs with international schools, increasing participations in the fashion capitals of the world, motivating and offering business incubation to new designers and rewarding efforts through proper design awards.
Even in India, well-known designers are incapable to tap finances from well-organized resources, since a vital part of their assets are brands and design talent which are not measured in terms of money and hence it becomes difficult to judge the value. This has severely inhibited their development and capability to raise retail existence across the country and abroad. Likewise, there is no systematic approach of existence in the fashion capitals of the world like Paris, Milan and New York. Due to this, designers have to depend on their personal contacts and relationships for organizing fashion shows and making retail alliances. The French government as well as the British government helps designers of their particular countries appreciably in these areas as they understand that value creation through design is the only way to carry on in the competitive landscape of the global fashion industry. The Indian government and related agencies should also accept this aspect of textile, apparel and fashion industry sincerely if they need to see India on the global fashion map.
Work in collaboration: designers-corporate efforts

Designers and many organizations can work globally through various models and with many working relationships. The Indian fashion industry has many views but only one such model, wherein a designer creates a retail venture with his/her own brand through organized retail chains. There are many other models according to brand ownership and division of operational activities.

Globally, many models of collaboration between designers and corporates are available. For example Ralph Lauren has made an agreement with Jones Apparel for producing and retailing various Polo brands. Likewise, Armani had an agreement with Zegna for production, even while it was competing with them in the marketplace. There are many cases of designer brands being co-owned by the designers and corporates, Gucci-Alexander McQueen and Gucci-Stella McCartney being some of them.

In the end, many designer businesses have been obtained by corporates where designers play a major role in the design elements of the business, but the brand and the organization is owned completely by the corporate.

The current possession of Calvin Klein by Philips Van Heusen and earlier holdings of Hugo Boss and Valentino by Marzotto are some related examples in this segment. These examples strongly point out that not only designers find such relationships important for development, but also corporates find these attractive for rising their profitability and growth. Likewise deals in India could go a long way in developing the brand values of corporates and designers.

Developing clusters

Making common infrastructure for functioning such as design and sampling, affluent treatment, product testing, etc can help in increasing the capability of the clusters since noteworthy investments could be made by the cluster itself rather than any single player.

Well-managed databases can help in decreasing search costs and through data mining, rating of players can be done so as to make the procurement process easier for buyers. Cooperative marketing programs at different clusters can also support players to grow up in the value chain by mixing their strengths within the cluster.

Cluster based battle in the fashion industry is characterized by the Italian industry. The National Chamber for Italian Fashion for example, supports the development of the fashion clusters at Milan and Florence in a well organized manner. Indian industry can learn a lot from Italy because India has a similar cluster based scattered production base, but has been incapable to link it with design and branding capability.

If the above activities are successfully considered, India could have an extraordinary development in the fashion industry, which could increase from a negligible size to Rs 8,000 crore in the coming decade.

Conclusion

In the 50s, 60s and 70s, the Indian fashion scenario was colorful and stylish, in the end of 20th century it was quite subdued and with the beginning of the 21st century it has geared up and is still experiencing the growth with many spectrums of colours. Though this industry is growing at a very good pace, besides achieving a negligible share in the global market, still it needs to make severe efforts to stand amongst international fashion market in various aspects.

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Casino and Museum $110.85 The past twenty-five years have seen enormous changes in Native America. One of the most profound expressions of change has been within the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation. The Nation has overcome significant hurdles to establish itself as a potent cultural and economic force highlighted by the Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center and Foxwoods, the largest casino in the Western Hemisphere. In Casino and Museum, John J. Bodinger de Uriarte sees these two main commercial structures of the reservation as mutually supporting industries generating both material and symbolic capital. To some degree, both institutions offer Native representations yet create different strategies for attracting and engaging visitors. While the casino is crucial as an economic generator, the museum has an important role as the space for authentic Mashantucket Pequot images and narratives. The books focus is on how the casino and the museum successfully deploy different strategies to take control of the tribes identity, image, and cultural agency. Photographs in the book provide a view of Mashantucket, allowing the reader to study the spaces of the books central arguments. They are a key methodology of the project and offer a non-textual opportunity to navigate the sites as well as one finely focused way to work through the representation and formation of the Native American photographic subjectthe powerful popular imagining of Native Americans. Casino and Museum presents a unique understanding of the prodigious role that representation plays in the contemporary poetics and politics of Native America. It is essential reading for scholars of Native American studies, museum studies, cultural studies, andphotography.

Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions $79.16 Seventeenth-century Korea was a country in crisis – successive invasions by Hideyoshi and the Manchus had rocked the Choson dynasty (1392-1910), which was already weakened by maladministration, internecine bureaucratic factionalism, unfair taxation, concentration of wealth, military problems, and other ills. Yu Hyongwon (1622-1673; pen name, Pan’gye), a recluse scholar, responded to this time of chaos and uncertainty by writing his modestly titled Pan’gye surok (The Jottings of Pan’gye), a virtual encyclopedia of Confucian statecraft, designed to support his plan for a revived and reformed Korean system of government. Although Yu was ignored in his own time by all but a few admirers and disciples, his ideas became prominent by the mid-eighteenth century as discussions were under way to solve problems in taxation, military service, and commercial activity. Yu has been viewed by Korean and Japanese scholars as a forerunner of modernization, but in Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions James B. Palais challenges this view, demonstrating that Yu was instead an outstanding example of the premodern tradition. Palais uses Yu Hyongwon’s mammoth, pivotal text to examine the development and shape of the major institutions of Choson dynasty Korea. He has included a thorough treatment of the many Chinese classical and historical texts that Yu used as well as the available Korean primary sources and Korean and Japanese secondary scholarship. Palais traces the history of each of Yu’s subjects from the beginning of the dynasty and pursues developments through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He stresses both the classical and the historical roots of Yu’s reform ideas and analyzes thenature and degree of proto-capitalistic changes, such as the use of metallic currency, the introduction of wage labor into the agrarian economy, the development of unregulated commercial activity, and the appearance of industries with more differentiation of labor.

Consumers and Services $82.95 Increasing attention has been paid in recent years to the marketing of services. This has been prompted by a recognition that services are an increasingly important sector of the economy and that they require a different approach to marketing. Consumers and Services approaches service marketing from a consumer perspective and draws together current understanding of service consumption from both an academic and practitioner point of view. This groundbreaking book is the first serious attempt to look at buyer behaviour in service sector industries and is suitable for graduate and advanced undergraduate students enrolled in consumer behaviour and service marketing courses. This unique book featuresa synthesis of current literature in the areas of consumer behaviour and services marketinga number of sectoral case studies which examine buyer behaviour in service industries, i.e., tourism, finance, charities, professional, health and retailinternationally authored cases from US, Scandinavia, and Europe This looks like an interesting book that will fit well into two increasingly popular subject areas. Dr E. M. Jacobs, Sheffield University Management School It is a much needed contribution in the field of service sector marketing. B. R. Lewis

Dictionary of Canadian Biography: 1921 to 1930 $110.45 This new volume of the Dictionary of Canadian Biography/Dictionnaire biographique du Canada (DCB/DBC) presents well-written, carefully documented, and meticulously edited biographies of Canadians from all walks of life. Its literary and scholarly standards make it, like its predecessors, the definitive biographical reference for its period of history. The 619 biographies by 446 authors present a panoramic view of the origins of modern Canada, its political landscapes, economic changes, educational institutions, cultural developments, and athletic achievements. The volume’s coverage is inclusive, ranging from murderers to artists, from business magnates to religious leaders, from Canada’s First Peoples to new immigrants. There are labour leaders, farmers, feminists, and naturalists, as well as prominent leaders in all aspects of Canadian life. The dominant theme of this volume is the emergence of a country engrossed by material gains and aware of broadening horizons. Sir Clifford Sifton, federal minister of the interior, Sir Lomer Gouin, premier of Quebec, and Sir Robert Bond, premier of Newfoundland, symbolize this age of development. The lives of Sir Adam Beck, father of Ontario Hydro, Gordon Morton McGregor, founder of the Ford Motor Company of Canada, and Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, illustrate how new technologies harnessed natural energy sources and created new ways to communicate. Such innovations drove the transformation of Canada in the early years of the twentieth century. An expanding nation required thousands of new people to answer the demands of the agricultural enterprises in the west, the manufacturing industries of central Canada, and the fishing andlumbering businesses of British Columbia and the Atlantic region. Many newcomers were drawn from eastern Europe and Asia as well as the British Isles and western Europe, traditionally the homelands of new Canadians. The Doukhobor leader Peter Vasil’evich Verigin, the housemaid Angelin

Diversification and Integration in American Industry. $90.27 This volume provides a comprehensive view of the interindustry structure of the large diversified enterprise. The study shows that companies have diversified mainly into industries experiencing rapid technological change.

Employment Impact of Innovation: Evidence and Policy $216.1 The diffusion of information and communication technologies is rapidly changing the structure of advanced economies, raising new problems of technological unemployment. The view that market forces can easily counterbalance the labour-saving impact of innovation is contrasted in this book with empirical findings on aggregate compensation effects and on the consequences of product, process and organizational innovation in industries and services. After examining several policy aspects, new employment-friendly economic and innovation policies are proposed.

Fantom $20 Founded in Milan and New York in 2009, Fantom Photographic Quarterly is a premium international magazine nourishing contemporary perspectives in photography and the visual arts, delivering a unique view on the art of photography and contemporary creativity. Edited by Selva Barni and Cay Sophie Rabinowitz, its content is divided into recurring thematic sections: Eye to Eye, in which two photographers converse; Sample Size, where artists and curators discuss their visual references; By Appointment Only, which looks to a particular collection; Eye of the Beholder, where gallerists discuss the talents they expose; Means to an End, about the side effects of non-artistic image production. With a radical blend of arresting images, print quality and distinctive design, Fantom is the only magazine in the market fostering photography as the medium crossing all creative industries and practices–advertising, art, design, fashion, media–aiming at the core of our imagination.

Fantom No. 9 $20 Founded in Milan and New York in 2009, Fantom Photographic Quarterly is a premium international magazine nourishing contemporary perspectives in photography and the visual arts, delivering a unique view on the art of photography and contemporary creativity. Edited by Selva Barni and Cay Sophie Rabinowitz, its content is divided into recurring thematic sections: Eye to Eye, in which two photographers converse; Sample Size, where artists and curators discuss their visual references; By Appointment Only, which looks to a particular collection; Eye of the Beholder, where gallerists discuss the talents they expose; Means to an End, about the side effects of non-artistic image production. With a radical blend of arresting images, print quality and distinctive design, Fantom is the only magazine in the market fostering photography as the medium crossing all creative industries and practices–advertising, art, design, fashion, media–aiming at the core of our imagination.

Financial Geography: A Banker’s View $163.44 This truly internationally-focused book is a readable, comprehensive guide to the economic geography of the world”s financial centres that is as enjoyable to read as it is informative. All students and academics involved with economic geography as well as professionals in the banking and finance industries will find Financial Geography to be an indispensable book for their bookshelves.

Forces of Labor $31 Recasting labor studies in a long-term and global framework, the book draws on a major new database on world labor unrest to show how local labor movements have been related to world-scale political, economic, and social processes since the late nineteenth century. Through an in-depth empirical analysis of select global industries, the book demonstrates how the main locations of labor unrest have shifted from country to country together with shifts in the geographical location of production. It shows how the main sites of labor unrest have shifted over time together with the rise or decline of new leading sectors of capitalist development and demonstrates that labor movements have been deeply embedded (as both cause and effect) in world political dynamics. Over the history of the modern labor movement, the book isolates what is truly novel about the contemporary global crisis of labor movements. Arguing against the view that this is a terminal crisis, the book concludes by exploring the likely forms that emergent labor movements will take in the twenty-first century.

Future Fashion White Papers $23 Earth Pledge”s newest publication, FutureFashion White Papers, is a collection of essays by a diverse and international group of contributors. Designers, manufacturers, farmers, professors, models, business owners and creative directors add their experiences and wisdom, producing a unique and multifaceted view of the apparel and textile industries. The book not only proposes solutions to environmental problems, but addresses the financial outcomes of sustainable practices and offers individual business perspectives. FutureFashion White Papers aims to educate all people interested in sustainable fashion and offers safe environmental practices for the industries and consumers. It is an invaluable and ground-breaking resource that proves how style and sustainability can coexist.

Human Resource Management in Construction Projects $57.95 Although construction is one of the most labor-intensive industries, people management issues are given inadequate attention. Furthermore, the focus of attention with regards to HR has been on the strategic aspects of HRM function – yet most problems and operational issues arise on projects. To help redress these problems, this book takes a broad view of HRM, examining the strategic and operational aspects of managing people within the construction sector. The book is aimed at project managers and students of project management who, until now, have been handed the responsibility for human resource management without adequate knowledge or training.

Industrial Policy and Development $129.03 In the 1990s, development policy advocated by international financial institutions was influenced by Washington Consensus thinking. This strategy, based largely on liberalization, privatization, and price-flexibility, downplayed, if not disregarded, the role of government in steering the processes of technological learning and economic growth. With the exception of the Far East, many developing countries adopted the view that industrial policy resulted in inefficiency and poor economic growth. Ample historical evidence shows that industrial policy does work, when the right technologies and industries are supported and when appropriate combinations of policy measures are implemented. This book provides an in-depth exploration of which industrial policies have been successful, the trade-offs associated with these microeconomic approaches to growth and development, and the opportunities and constraints associated with the current organization of international economic relations.

Integrated Regional Risk Assessment: Volume I: Continuous and Non-Point Source Emissions: Air, Water, Soil $229.6 Over recent years there has been an increasing awareness of the risks of locating hazardous industries near heavily populated, environmentally sensitive areas. This new awareness demands a novel approach to safety planning for hazardous industries; one that looks at the problem from the point of view of integrated regional risk assessment which, besides the risks arising from natural events, should also include the risks arising from the processing plants, storage and the transportation of dangerous goods.Volume I of Integrated Regional Risk Assessment highlights the main procedures for the assessment of risks to health and environmental impacts from continuous emissions of pollutants into air, water and soil under normal operating conditions. Volume II deals with the assessment of consequences of accidental releases, helping to answer such questions as: What can go wrong? What are the effects and consequences? How often will it happen? #/LIST# The main procedural steps are supported by relevant, internationally recognised methods of risk assessment. The book also reviews criteria and guidelines for the implementation of risk assessment and management at different stages.Audience: Students, engineers, and scientists in charge of developing new methodologies for hazard analysis and risk assessment; practitioners of environmental protection; local and governmental authorities charged with implementing environmental risk impact procedures and guidelines.

International Hospitality Management $63.27 International Hospitality Management: issues and applications brings together the latest developments in global hospitality operations with the contemporary management principles. It provides a truly international perspective on the hospitality and tourism industries and provides a fresh insight into hospitality and tourism management. The text develops a critical view of the management theory and the traditional theories, looking at how appropriate they are in hospitality and tourism and in a multicultural context. The awareness of cultural environments and the specifications imposed by those cultures will underpin the whole text. International Hospitality Management is designed to instil a greater awareness of the international factors influencing the strategies and performances of hospitality organisation. The approach focuses on a critical analysis of the relevance and application of general management theory and practice to the hospitality industry. Consisting of three 3 parts divided into 14 chapters, each of which deals with a major topic of international management, the book has been thoroughly developed with consistent learning features throughout, including: Specified learning outcomes for each chapterInternational case studies including major world events such as the September 11 Terrorist Attacks, the Argentine Financial Crisis, The SARS virus, The Institution of Euro, the accession of China to the World Trade Organization., and the expansion of European Union, as well as international corporations such as Marriott, Hilton, Intercontinental, McDonalds, Starbucks etc. It introduces the global market situation, including Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, andMiddle East. Study questions and discussion questions to consolidate learning and understanding.Links to relevant websites at the end of each chapterOn-line resources and a test bank is available for lecturers and students * Designed to instil a greater awareness of the int

Journalism In The United States $45.97 In this work, Applegate updates readers on the current conditions of the print and broadcast industries and discusses a variety of topics, from theories of the press to the structure of the print and broadcast industries, from the role of advertising and public relations to the role of the changing view of the press” views of and commitments to objectivity and ”news balance.” Throughout, Applegate obliges readers to wrestle with how the change in medium, from print or broadcast to Web, is not the main culprit in how the news has changed. Instead, he illustrates how many of the core issues remain unchanged and what is needed is a more complex analysis of core concepts and issues and how these have been affected_from freedom of the press to the treatment of minorities_by the evolution of news as a business and the education of journalists today for that business.

Louisiana $41.97 If you want an in-depth portrait of a state, you have to look beyond the basic facts.Portrait of America fills in the facts of history, economy, and culture with vignettes of individual residents, special events, and featured industries. Students gain an accurate overview of states and territories, as well as glimpses of their unique personalities and future challenges.– Students get the big picture through units covering history, economy, culture, and the future.– Special profiles of individuals, events, and industries make facts more meaningful.– Chapter openers engage students instantly with age-appropriate information on sports teams, entertainment options, recreational opportunities, and art and artists.– A global perspective map lets students view their home state in relation to the United States and its hemisphere. A detailed physical map provides at-a-glance geographic information.– Easy-to-use research and reference features include full-color illustrations of the official flag, seal, bird, and flower; a chronology of historical events; an almanac; a list of annual events and sites of interest; and an index.

Low angle view of the Arts and Industries Building, Washington, D.C., USA (24 x 18) Poster Print $22.8 This licensed image was printed on premium heavy stock paper and is ready for framing or hanging.

Making Work Work $129.77 Maintaining control in today’s hectic workplace is a challenge — everything is lean, competitive, and uncertain. What does it take to survive? Must you sign away your life in blood? Live in fear of being fired? Quit your job and move to the countryside? Not at all. Through the mastery of nine essential skills, Morgenstern shows how small changes in your thinking and behavior will help you achieve the seemingly impossible — boost your value, increase your job security, and afford you the time to still have a life. Morgenstern has helped clients of all levels take control of their work lives in every industry imaginable. This book mirrors the individual consulting services she provides by showing you how to start with yourself and then tackle the more complex external issues of working relationships and the job. With insight and warmth, Morgenstern gives fresh grab-and-go strategies such as: Avoid e-mail for the first hour of the day. It’s addictive and steals your most productive time. Trust your truth. Never undervalue your unique self, skills, and point of view. Beware multitasking. Scattering your efforts makes for a longer day. Dance close to the revenue line. Making and saving money is where your greatest value lies. Crunch the container. Shorten your workday by thirty minutes and you will get more done. Making Work Work transcends industries, job titles, and even economic climates. With the process taught in this book, you will feel less trapped and more in charge — you’ll able to make a bad situation better, restore a formerly good situation, or search for a job that’s a better fit for who you are. With Morgenstern’s guidance you can find a way to make workwork.

Man and River Systems: The Functioning of River Systems at the Basin Scale $178.69 The volume focuses on the ecological functioning of rivers, which has received less attention than functioning of lakes and reservoirs. The selected papers cover a large range of topics relating to aquatic communities, eutrophication, nutrient dynamics and organic pollution, erosion and sediment transport, and fate of micropollutants at the basin scale. Integrated approaches developed in order to study the ecological functioning of fluvial systems perturbed by human activity are presented. This functioning is analysed from the point of view of fundamental research, but insights into system management are not neglected.This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, and water surface pollution, to postgraduate students, to the institutions involved in water resource management, and to the drinking water and waste water treatment industries. It draws information from many large river systems in the world.

Managing Business Complexity $95.25 Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS), a way to simulate a large number of choices by individual actors, is one of the most exciting practical developments in business modeling since the invention of relational databases. It represents a new way to understand data and generateinformation that has never been available before–a way for businesses to view the future and to understand and anticipate the likely effects of their decisions on their markets and industries. It thus promises to have far-reaching effects on the way that businesses in many areas use computers tosupport practical decision-making. Managing Business Complexity is the first complete business-oriented agent-based modeling and simulation resource. It has three purposes: first, to teach readers how to think about ABMS, that is, about agents and their interactions; second, to teach readers howto explain the features and advantages of ABMS to other people and third, to teach readers how to actually implement ABMS by building agent-based simulations. It is intended to be a complete ABMS resource, accessible to readers who haven’t had any previous experience in building agent-basedsimulations, or any other kinds of models, for that matter. It is also a collection of ABMS business applications resources, all assembled in one place for the first time. In short, Managing Business Complexity addresses who needs ABMS and why, where and when ABMS can be applied to the everydaybusiness problems that surround us, and how specifically to build these powerful agent-based models.

Managing Dynamic Networks: Organisational Perspectives of Technology Enabled Inter-Firm Collaboration $42.11 Collaboration of organizations reshapes traditional managerial practices and creates new inter-organizational contexts for strategy, coordination and control, information and knowledge management. Heralded as organizational forms of the future, networks are at the same time fragile and precarious organizational arrangements, which regularly fail. In order to investigate the new realities created by technology-enabled forms of network organizations and to address the emerging managerial challenges, this book introduces an integrative view on inter-firm network management. Centred on a network life cycle perspective, strategic, economic and relational facets of business networking are explored. The network management framework is illustrated onto a broad range of European inter-firm network examples in various industries rendering insights for new management practices.

Marketing Island Destinations $62.31 Over the past three decades, tourism has emerged as a major force in the global economy, with most countries, whether developed or developing, having increasing opportunities to participate, as both host and guest, in this socioeconomic phenomenon. Competition for a share of the tourism market has intensified as rapid tourism developments have been undertaken by various destinations in an attempt to reap those economic benefits from one of the world ”s leading industries. The growth in tourism has propelled significant changes in the way in which destinations are managed and marketed. The challenge for many small island destinations is how to become or remain competitive. It is against this background that destination marketing has assumed the critical role of ensuring that the destination lifecycle does not enter into a stage of saturation and decline and the destination is able to adapt to the changing marketplace, seize opportunities and sustain its vitality.This book takes a holistic approach and considers marketing from a macro perspective, from the view of the destination.

Mass Media Law $182.71 This edition provides students with the intellectual tools they will need to resolve legal issues arising from the ongoing dramatic reshaping of the media. It includes new material on matters such as anonymity and foreign law which have become more urgent because of the transformation of media industries. It covers the established precedents whose fundamental principles will guide the law”s response to new threats of censorship, examines barriers to newsgathering, and explores impediments to media adaptability. This edition refines and streamlines the materials of previous editions to give students an uncluttered view of the current state of media law. Cumulatively, the co-authors have taught media law for nearly 100 years, and this edition reflects the pedagogical insights gleaned from that experience.

Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Supervisory Systems: A Petri Net Approach $153.39 Hybrid supervisory systems integrate and exchange information between discrete- and continuous-data-based controllers and subsystems. Application areas include process, manufacturing and service industries, healthcare, telecommunication, transportation and logistics, among others.From the hardware point of view, the rapid progress of information-processing power and its commercial availability has made possible the development of complex supervisory systems. Many barriers that restrained the evolution of supervisory systems in the past have been removed by the recent popularisation of the open-system paradigm. On the other hand, software has not followed the evolution in hardware and both the industrial and scientific communities have pointed out the need for a generic approach that guides the development of hybrid supervisory systems. Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Supervisory Systems introduces a modelling formalism that merges Petri nets, differential equation systems and object-oriented methods; a formalism that is adequate for modelling complex and large-scale systems. To guide the designer and conduct hybrid modelling, the book describes a method that starts from the requirements of a supervisory system and results in a proposal for such a system. The method is mainly based on Unified Modelling Language diagrams, well-known tools in both academia and industry. In order to ensure that the supervisory system will behave as expected under any operational circumstances, a validation procedure that allows verification of the formal properties of the hybrid model is presented.In building a bridge between what is developed in academic research and what is available to theindustrial professional, this monograph places particular emphasis on the description of real-world examples; three of these an HVAC management system, a landing system and a cane-sugar factory are discussed at length. It will interest academic researchers working with hybrid systems and t

Never Check E-mail in the Morning $15 From the Publisher: Maintaining control in today’s hectic workplace is a challenge — everything is lean, competitive, and uncertain. What does it take to survive? Must you sign away your life in blood? Live in fear of being fired? Quit your job and move to the countryside? Not at all.Through the mastery of nine essential skills, Morgenstern shows how small changes in your thinking and behavior will help you achieve the seemingly impossible — boost your value, increase your job security, and afford you the time to still have a life. Morgenstern has helped clients of all levels take control of their work lives in every industry imaginable. This book mirrors the individual consulting services she provides by showing you how to start with yourself and then tackle the more complex external issues of working relationships and the job.With insight and warmth, Morgenstern gives fresh grab-and-go strategies such as: Avoid e-mail for the first hour of the day. It’s addictive and steals your most productive time.Trust your truth. Never undervalue your unique self, skills, and point of view.Beware multitasking. Scattering your efforts makes for a longer day. Dance close to the revenue line. Making and saving money is where your greatest value lies. Crunch the container. Shorten your workday by thirty minutes and you will get more done. Making Work Work transcends industries, job titles, and even economic climates. With the process taught in this book, you will feel less trapped and more in charge — you’ll able to make a bad situation better, restore a formerly good situation, or search for a job that’s a better fitfor who you are.With Morgenstern’s guidance you can find a way to make work work.

New Mexico $56.05 If you want an in-depth portrait of a state, you have to look beyond the basic facts.Portrait of America fills in the facts of history, economy, and culture with vignettes of individual residents, special events, and featured industries. Students gain an accurate overview of states and territories, as well as glimpses of their unique personalities and future challenges.– Students get the big picture through units covering history, economy, culture, and the future.– Special profiles of individuals, events, and industries make facts more meaningful.– Chapter openers engage students instantly with age-appropriate information on sports teams, entertainment options, recreational opportunities, and art and artists.– A global perspective map lets students view their home state in relation to the United States and its hemisphere. A detailed physical map provides at-a-glance geographic information.– Easy-to-use research and reference features include full-color illustrations of the official flag, seal, bird, and flower; a chronology of historical events; an almanac; a list of annual events and sites of interest; and an index.

ODonnell Industries 80070 Medium Lookout I Pet Car Seat – ODonnell Plaid $84.95 The Snoozer Lookout I is a patented booster seat that secures using your car’s safety belt. Equipped with an integral safety strap that attaches to your dog’s harness, it keeps your dog comfortable, stationary and safe while allowing a satisfying view of the journey. The core is constructed of durable, shock-absorbing polyurethane foam. A plush faux lambswool interior insulates for warmth in the winter while cooling in summer, and the entire cover is easily removed for machine washing. Cozy sherpa interior. Foam core for maximum comfort. Vinyl, or poly/cotton fabric. Sturdy molded foam base offers comfortable support. Secures with car seat belt. Elevate 9 to provide a great view of the world outside. May help reduce motion sickness in some dogs. Safety tether attaches to harness to keep your dog securely in the seat. Protects car interior from dirt and hair. Color: O’Donnell Plaid. Dimensions: 17 L x 22 W x 19 H.

ODonnell Industries 81300 Medium Lookout I Pet Car Seat – Khaki Vinyl $84.95 The Snoozer Lookout I is a patented booster seat that secures using your car’s safety belt. Equipped with an integral safety strap that attaches to your dog’s harness, it keeps your dog comfortable, stationary and safe while allowing a satisfying view of the journey. The core is constructed of durable, shock-absorbing polyurethane foam. A plush faux lambswool interior insulates for warmth in the winter while cooling in summer, and the entire cover is easily removed for machine washing. Cozy sherpa interior. Foam core for maximum comfort. Vinyl, or poly/cotton fabric. Sturdy molded foam base offers comfortable support. Secures with car seat belt. Elevate 9 to provide a great view of the world outside. May help reduce motion sickness in some dogs. Safety tether attaches to harness to keep your dog securely in the seat. Protects car interior from dirt and hair. Color: Khaki Vinyl. Dimensions: 17 L x 22 W x 19 H.

ODonnell Industries 81700 Medium Lookout I Pet Car Seat – Denim $84.95 The Snoozer Lookout I is a patented booster seat that secures using your car’s safety belt. Equipped with an integral safety strap that attaches to your dog’s harness, it keeps your dog comfortable, stationary and safe while allowing a satisfying view of the journey. The core is constructed of durable, shock-absorbing polyurethane foam. A plush faux lambswool interior insulates for warmth in the winter while cooling in summer, and the entire cover is easily removed for machine washing. Cozy sherpa interior. Foam core for maximum comfort. Vinyl, or poly/cotton fabric. Sturdy molded foam base offers comfortable support. Secures with car seat belt. Elevate 9 to provide a great view of the world outside. May help reduce motion sickness in some dogs. Safety tether attaches to harness to keep your dog securely in the seat. Protects car interior from dirt and hair. Color: Denim. Dimensions: 17 L x 22 W x 19 H.

ODonnell Industries 81800 Medium Lookout I Pet Car Seat – Black Vinyl $84.95 The Snoozer Lookout I is a patented booster seat that secures using your car’s safety belt. Equipped with an integral safety strap that attaches to your dog’s harness, it keeps your dog comfortable, stationary and safe while allowing a satisfying view of the journey. The core is constructed of durable, shock-absorbing polyurethane foam. A plush faux lambswool interior insulates for warmth in the winter while cooling in summer, and the entire cover is easily removed for machine washing. Cozy sherpa interior. Foam core for maximum comfort. Vinyl, or poly/cotton fabric. Sturdy molded foam base offers comfortable support. Secures with car seat belt. Elevate 9 to provide a great view of the world outside. May help reduce motion sickness in some dogs. Safety tether attaches to harness to keep your dog securely in the seat. Protects car interior from dirt and hair. Color: Black Vinyl. Dimensions: 17 L x 22 W x 19 H.

ODonnell Industries 82100 Medium Lookout I Pet Car Seat – Baby Pink $84.95 The Snoozer Lookout I is a patented booster seat that secures using your car’s safety belt. Equipped with an integral safety strap that attaches to your dog’s harness, it keeps your dog comfortable, stationary and safe while allowing a satisfying view of the journey. The core is constructed of durable, shock-absorbing polyurethane foam. A plush faux lambswool interior insulates for warmth in the winter while cooling in summer, and the entire cover is easily removed for machine washing. Cozy sherpa interior. Foam core for maximum comfort. Vinyl, or poly/cotton fabric. Sturdy molded foam base offers comfortable support. Secures with car seat belt. Elevate 9 to provide a great view of the world outside. May help reduce motion sickness in some dogs. Safety tether attaches to harness to keep your dog securely in the seat. Protects car interior from dirt and hair. Color: Baby Pink. Dimensions: 17 L x 22 W x 19 H.

Odonnell Industries 80011 Lookout I Small Pet Car Seat – Khaki $64.95 It’s not easy or safe to drive when your dog is climbing onto your lap to get a better view. We’ve got a solution: The Snoozer Lookout I is a patented booster seat that secures using your car’s safety belt. Equipped with an integral safety strap that attaches to your dog’s harness, it keeps your dog comfortable, stationary and safe while allowing a satisfying view of the journey. The core is constructed of durable, shock-absorbing polyurethane foam. A plush faux lambswool interior insulates for warmth in the winter while cooling in summer, and the entire cover is easily removed for machine washing. Cozy sherpa interior. Foam core for maximum comfort. Vinyl, or poly/cotton fabric. Sturdy molded foam base offers comfortable support. Secures with car seat belt. Elevate 9 to provide a great view of the world outside. May help reduce motion sickness in some dogs. Safety tether attaches to harness to keep your dog securely in the seat. Protects car interior from dirt and hair. Size: Small (17 L x 15 W x 19 H) fits dogs up to 18 lbs. Color: Khaki.

Odonnell Industries 80031 Lookout I Small Pet Car Seat – Leopard $64.95 It’s not easy or safe to drive when your dog is climbing onto your lap to get a better view. We’ve got a solution: The Snoozer Lookout I is a patented booster seat that secures using your car’s safety belt. Equipped with an integral safety strap that attaches to your dog’s harness, it keeps your dog comfortable, stationary and safe while allowing a satisfying view of the journey. The core is constructed of durable, shock-absorbing polyurethane foam. A plush faux lambswool interior insulates for warmth in the winter while cooling in summer, and the entire cover is easily removed for machine washing. Cozy sherpa interior. Foam core for maximum comfort. Vinyl, or poly/cotton fabric. Sturdy molded foam base offers comfortable support. Secures with car seat belt. Elevated 9 inches to provide a great view of the world outside. May help reduce motion sickness in some dogs. Safety tether attaches to harness to keep your dog securely in the seat. Protects car interior from dirt and hair. Dimensions: Small (17 L x 15 W x 19 H) fits dogs up to 18 lbs. Color: Leopard.

Odonnell Industries 80040 Lookout I Medium Pet Car Seat – Grey $84.95 It’s not easy or safe to drive when your dog is climbing onto your lap to get a better view. We’ve got a solution: The Snoozer Lookout I is a patented booster seat that secures using your car’s safety belt. Equipped with an integral safety strap that attaches to your dog’s harness, it keeps your dog comfortable, stationary and safe while allowing a satisfying view of the journey. The core is constructed of durable, shock-absorbing polyurethane foam. A plush faux lambswool interior insulates for warmth in the winter while cooling in summer, and the entire cover is easily removed for machine washing. Cozy sherpa interior. Foam core for maximum comfort. Vinyl, or poly/cotton fabric. Sturdy molded foam base offers comfortable support. Secures with car seat belt. Elevate 9 to provide a great view of the world outside. May help reduce motion sickness in some dogs. Safety tether attaches to harness to keep your dog securely in the seat. Protects car interior from dirt and hair. Size: Medium (17 L x 22 W x 19 H) fits dogs up to 25 lbs. Color: Grey.

Odonnell Industries 80041 Lookout I Small Pet Car Seat – Grey $64.95 It’s not easy or safe to drive when your dog is climbing onto your lap to get a better view. We’ve got a solution: The Snoozer Lookout I is a patented booster seat that secures using your car’s safety belt. Equipped with an integral safety strap that attaches to your dog’s harness, it keeps your dog comfortable, stationary and safe while allowing a satisfying view of the journey. The core is constructed of durable, shock-absorbing polyurethane foam. A plush faux lambswool interior insulates for warmth in the winter while cooling in summer, and the entire cover is easily removed for machine washing. Cozy sherpa interior. Foam core for maximum comfort. Vinyl, or poly/cotton fabric. Sturdy molded foam base offers comfortable support. Secures with car seat belt. Elevated 9 inches to provide a great view of the world outside. May help reduce motion sickness in some dogs. Safety tether attaches to harness to keep your dog securely in the seat. Protects car interior from dirt and hair. Dimensions: Small (17 L x 15 W x 19 H) fits dogs up to 18 lbs. Color: Grey.

Odonnell Industries 80050 Lookout I Medium Pet Car Seat – Azure $84.95 It’s not easy or safe to drive when your dog is climbing onto your lap to get a better view. We’ve got a solution: The Snoozer Lookout I is a patented booster seat that secures using your car’s safety belt. Equipped with an integral safety strap that attaches to your dog’s harness, it keeps your dog comfortable, stationary and safe while allowing a satisfying view of the journey. The core is constructed of durable, shock-absorbing polyurethane foam. A plush faux lambswool interior insulates for warmth in the winter while cooling in summer, and the entire cover is easily removed for machine washing. Cozy sherpa interior. Foam core for maximum comfort. Vinyl, or poly/cotton fabric. Sturdy molded foam base offers comfortable support. Secures with car seat belt. Elevate 9 to provide a great view of the world outside. May help reduce motion sickness in some dogs. Safety tether attaches to harness to keep your dog securely in the seat. Protects car interior from dirt and hair. Size: Medium (17 L x 22 W x 19 H) fits dogs up to 25 lbs. Color: Azure.